SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM AND REGIONAL ECONOMIC COOPERATION FOR BORDER CITIES IN THE GREATER MEKONG SUBREGION UNDER THE BELT AND ROAD INITIATIVE

Abstract

This study examines the role of ecotourism in advancing regional economic cooperation and sustainable development within the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS), with a particular focus on the border cities of Xishuangbanna, China, and Luang Namtha, Laos. It explores how ecotourism facilitates cross-border trade, supports sustainable economic expansion, and addresses environmental and social challenges within the framework of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). A mixed-methods approach was adopted, comprising two phases. Phase 1 involved qualitative research through documentary analysis, in-depth interviews with 40 key informants from Xishuangbanna and Luang Namtha, and field observations. Phase 2 entailed a quantitative survey of 385 respondents to test hypotheses and identify key determinants of ecotourism development. Data analysis incorporated content analysis for qualitative data and regression analysis via SPSS for quantitative data. The findings indicate that ecotourism fosters economic growth by generating employment, promoting cross-border trade, and encouraging sustainable tourism practices. Nevertheless, challenges such as environmental degradation, policy fragmentation, and infrastructure deficiencies constrain its full potential. The study underscores the significance of local stakeholder participation and effective policy coordination in achieving sustainable ecotourism outcomes. By examining the nexus between ecotourism, regional cooperation, and the BRI, this research addresses a gap in the literature and provides valuable insights for policymakers, tourism practitioners, and local communities in the GMS. It offers practical recommendations to enhance the sustainability and economic benefits of ecotourism in border regions.